Final Draft (Week 16)

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   When we turn on the TV or search the Internet, what can we see? Most people probably have already seen lots of articles about Korean Wave. Even in the Western press, we can see some articles about it. The Korean Wave has spread throughout the world, in countries such as China, Japan, France and so on. Due to the popularity of Korean Wave, lots of institutions have started to employ cultural diplomacy with Korean Wave. Even, it not only simply makes Korea popular but even vitalizes export of agricultural products. If we only see this circumstance, we can easily misapprehend that the Korean wave spreads in a desirable way with a desirable cultural diplomacy. However, we need more critical view to see through it. I believe that Korean cultural diplomacy and Korean Wave have problems and they should solve the problems.

   At first, it is important to understand what diplomacy is and what do diplomats do. Usually most people do not really know the job scope of a diplomat or the meaning behind diplomacy. They only recall something abstract or stuffy to their mind. For example, when asked if they know what diplomats do, most people would say diplomats negotiate treaties, attend state dinners or be in charge of foreign affairs. How abstract and stuffy. To the general public, diplomacy seems quite distant. That's because they usually bring 'traditional diplomacy' to their mind. However, their viewpoint is an old one. As time goes by, diplomacy has changed. From traditional diplomacy, a new type of diplomacy has been realized. It uses soft power, which is the power to influence others through the exchange of ideas, information and art and other Cultural aspects. It makes opponents be attracted spontaneously by appeal, not compulsion. We need to distinguish these two types of diplomacy; traditional diplomacy and cultural diplomacy. First, traditional diplomacy is diplomacy which uses hard power. It has government as the object of diplomacy. We can define its format of communication as Closed Negotiation. On the other hand, cultural diplomacy relies on Open Communication. It is interactive and uses various social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, etc. For reference, we have to distinguish cultural diplomacy from public diplomacy. Understanding public diplomacy is important to know what cultural diplomacy is. It is still controversial to define them exactly until now, but typically it is considered that Cultural Diplomacy is part of Public Diplomacy, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Public diplomacy refers to diplomatic techniques that strengthen the leverage of Korea by enhancing image and brand power of Korean and improve Korea’s diplomatic relations within the country and with other countries by developing a bond of sympathy on our history, traditions, culture, and policy. The key point of public diplomacy is to win the hearts and minds of people. According to Public Diplomacy portal site operated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, there are three big contributors that sheds new light on public diplomacy; the 911 terrorist attacks, where limitations of hard power was revealed; the public becoming the main agents of diplomacy, whereby the power of them was on the rise; the increased usage of social media platforms. In this essay, I shall focus on a part of public diplomacy - cultural diplomacy.

   After understanding these types of diplomacy, we need to analyze the diffusion aspect of Korean wave. Korean wave is also a kind of cultural diplomacy that Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs conducts. According to Doopedia, Korean wave started from 1996, when Korean drama was exported to China. Two years later, Korean pop culture because popular with Asia as a center, as Korean pop song was widely known. Afterward, fever of Korean pop culture spread to Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippine and so on. In comprehensive meaning, Korean wave also refers to a phenomenon of preference for Korean products such as Kimchi, Gochujang, Ramen and home appliances. Because of Korean wave, a neologism, 哈韓族(a group of fans who loves Korea), was made in China. Korean wave has both merits and demerits. It can increase foreign visitors and help industrial development. On the contrary, it also can make uniformity of contents. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism cautions that we should not think Korea is culturally advanced than any other countries.

   When it comes to promoting Korean wave, majority of the people tend to assume that we, Koreans conduct cultural diplomacy in a desirable way. However, it is a grave misjudgement. I'd like to point out the issues with Korean cultural diplomacy using the example of Korean wave.

   Firstly, we excessively compel foreigners to experience Korean culture. Thanks to widespread Korean culture, more and more foreigners are visiting Korea. For instance, according to Shanghai Korean News, 2014 recorded a 38% increase in the number of Chinese visitors, 43% increase in Hong Kong visitors, 24% increase in Taiwanese visitors, and 26% increase of Russian visitors, compared to 2013. In addition, many foreign stars visit Korea. However, whenever they visit Korea, they are always asked to try Kimchi or dance PSY's Horse-riding dance (Gangnam Style), and they showed their displeasure with it. Such frequent requests to do the same thing over and over again could rather leave them a bad impression of Korean culture and lead them to think that Korean culture is only about PSY’s Gangnam Style of Kimchi. We have to give them an opportunity to naturally immerse and experience our culture. When it comes to this problem, we have to consider if we have enough programs to satisfy foreigners. It seems that we only “force” them to experience our culture, and we don't have enough programs that foreigners want. It is known that the Korean drama ' A Jewel in the Palace (대장금)' has advanced into many parts of the world and become internationally famous, especially in China, even Africa. There was an Iraqi, whom after watching this drama and the drama named ‘Heojun (허준)’, he became interested in Korean medicine and decided to visit Korea. The problem was that he wanted to lodge at Gyeongbokgung Palace. Like him, many foreigners want to feel Korean culture. However, there are not enough facilities to let them stay in Korean traditional building. Of course, there are guest houses like Jeonju Han-ok Village, but the problem is that there are no such facilities in the capital area, and their services standards can't surpass those of a hotel. Thus, we need to focus on Korean culture that foreigners are interested in and to provide them with decent programs that can maintain their interest.

   Secondly, Korean cultural diplomacy tends to depend on Korean wave, and Korean wave relies entirely on the entertainment world, especially on K-Pop. However, this makes a big problem. As we can see from the news, nowadays many TV stars are on the news because of their corruption. It is a deathblow to the image of Korea. If we continuously only rely on the entertainment world, we can't overcome the destructive results, and it makes it harder to maintain foreigners' interest in Korea. Therefore, it is very important to develop various field of Korean culture such as traditional food, cultural assets, fashion, and so on. The second big problem of Korean wave is that it focuses too much on 'visual fun'. Of course, it is important to consider fun to attract viewers and arouse their interest. However, Korean wave sometimes overdoes it. For instance, outfits worn by K-Pop female groups during live performances can be inappropriate wherein the skirts are too short or too much skin is showing. Excessively suggestive and seductive dance choreography or attire can make people frown. Furthermore, the 'Study on sexuality depicted in music programs for adolescents on three network television channels' points out this problem. According to this study, people do not actually try to solve the problem. To make desirable Korean culture, we have to think about whether it is right or not and try to solve the problem.

   Of course, it is true that Korean cultural diplomacy does have big positive effects on brand power of Korea. Some people can even say that Korean wave is already successful since it has made its presence known all over the world. However, that's because the press media reports only its high stature. Exaggerated reports from the press overvalue the effect of Korean wave. For example, when he or she reads a news article titled "Super Junior is topping the charts of Taiwan for 60 weeks", they may argue that the popularity of Super Junior is great. However, it is not true. In fact, it is just the Taiwan's KKBOX's Korean Music Top 100 Chart, a chart 'for K-pop', that Super Junior topped.

   These are the titles of exaggerated news article. Like the example that I have mentioned, exaggerated reports confuse and mislead us to think that every foreigner loves Korean culture. I acknowledged that it is natural for people to be confused because they can only get information about Korean through Korean press. However, I think that people themselves should try not just read things off the surface but to read them critically so as to not to be misled. Any developed countries in the world don’t regard their culture as a massive wave. However, Koreans tend to think that Korean culture is the center of the world. According to the Korean press, Korean wave is really famous all over the world, but it is not true. We therefore have to correctly analyze the materials related to Korean wave and critically think about how to improve Korean cultural diplomacy and use it to lead Korean wave in a right way to maintain interest.

   As cultural diplomacy, a new type of diplomacy comes into the spotlight, it is important to consider deeply how we should conduct it. If we only focus on the good points of cultural diplomacy in Korea, it can't develop further. While we have to focus on them, it is also important to acknowledge the problems of it and to rectify them. One suggestion that I want to recommend is to pay some attention to alternative culture that foreigners can enjoy. I don't think we can get benefit from Korean wave forever. Utilizing various assets and resources and inventing more interesting cultural programs for foreigners are important. We need to constantly improve our diplomatic techniques to maintain foreigners’ interest toward it. That's the key point for desirable cultural diplomacy.

Reference

Discover Diplomacy. (n.d.). What are the roles of diplomat?. Discover Diplomacy.

     Retrieved from http://diplomacy.state.gov/discoverdiplomacy/diplomacy101/

     people/170341.htm

Institute for Cultural Diplomacy. (n.d.). What is cultural diplomacy? What is soft power?.          Icd. Retrieved from http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/index.php?en_culturaldiplomacy

Doopedia. (n.d.). Korean Wave. Doopedia. Retrieved from http://terms.naver.com/entry.   

     nhn?docId=1221901&cid=40942&categoryId=31614

Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. (2012, November 2). 한류열풍의 장단점. Naver 지

     식 in. Retrieved from http://kin.naver.com/qna/detail.nhn?d1id=3&dirId=3&docId=      

     160980906&qb=7ZWc66WYIOyepeuLqOygkA==&enc=utf8&section=kin&rank= 

     1&search_sort=0&spq=0&pid=S4b01wpySEKsscJnmOosssssst4-416790&sid= 

     VIG0fQoUU0sAAHGSQU4

Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (n.d.). Public diplomacy/Cultural diplomacy. Ministry of

     Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from http://www.mofa.go.kr/trade/cultural/index.jsp?           

     menu=m_30_170

Public diplomacy. (n.d.). Introduction of public diplomacy. Public diplomacy. Retrieved from

     http://www.publicdiplomacy.go.kr/introduce/public.jsp

J-hyeon. (2013, July 9). 한류는 우연찮게 또 확산되고... Naver blog. Retrieved from 

     http://blog.naver.com/hanryulovej/140192762485

Go Hyeonsil. (2014, September 3). 폭행ㆍ탈세…한류스타 이미지 '흔들'. YonhapnewsTV.

     Retrieved from http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhnmode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=

     106&oid=422&aid=0000079075

Shanghai Korean News. (2014, November 11). 중국인 한국 방문객 500만명 돌파, 전년 대비   

     38% 증가해. Shanghai Korean News. Retrieved from http://blog.naver.com/shkonews/ 

     220178293751

Kim Hyeongji, Yoon Yeongmin. (2011). Study on sexuality depicted in music programs for   

     adolescents on three network television channels. dbpia. 

Soohyeon. (2011, August 23). 언론 속에 감춰진 한류의 속살, 한류를 까보다.Retrieved from 

     http://goham20.com/983

Yoon Sohee. (2014, September 16). 한류제왕 슈퍼주니어, 한국 대만 홍콩 주간차트 1위 석권. 

     The Korea Economic Daily, Hankyung. Retrieved from http://ent.hankyung.com/news/        app/newsview.php?aid=2014091610374

Kwon Yeontae. (2011, June 10). 르몽드 “유럽 덮친 한류”…SM파리공연 집중보도. Eto.

     Retrieved from http://www.eto.co.kr/news/outview.asp?Code=20110610103736583&ts      =202648

Kim Hyunwoo. (2011, June 11). "이것이 진정한 퍼포먼스" 한류, 유럽 삼키다. Hankookilbo.

     Retrieved from http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=   

     106&oid=038&aid=0002157983

Lee Joosang. (2011, June 10). "한류, 유럽 덮치다" 한국가수 공연에 열기 후끈. SBS News.

     Retrieved from http://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1000928343&plink   

     =OLDURL

Soomni(pseudonym). (2014, March 22). 각광받는 한류와 한류의 문제점. Naver blog.

     Retrieved from http://blog.naver.com/ingsksm/20207422421

Research 6 for Second and Final Draft (a new thesis)

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Source:

Naver blog; diffusion of Korean wave /

http://blog.naver.com/hanryulovej/140192762485

My Topic:

Korean cultural diplomacy and Korean Wave have problems and they should solve the problems. 

What I hope to learn from this source:

I want to find some examples that can show us the problem of Korean wave and cultural diplomacy.

Notes:

1. An Iraqi watched the drama 'A Jewel in the Palace' → become interested in Korean Medicine.
2. He wanted to lodge at Gyeongbokgung Palace.
3. It is hard for foreigners to experience various Korean culture in Korea.

Final Thoughts:
I think using this example I can draw the problem of Korean wave. (We don't have enough programs that satisfy foreigners.)

Research 5 for Second and Final Draft (a new thesis)

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Source:

1. Naver 지식in; Positive and negative impact of Korean wave /

http://kin.naver.com/qna/detail.nhn?d1id=3&dirId=3&docId=160980906&qb=7ZWc66WYIOyepeuLqOygkA==&enc=utf8&section=kin&rank=1&search_sort=0&spq=0&pid=S4b01wpySEKsscJnmOosssssst4-416790&sid=VIG0fQoUU0sAAHGSQU4

2. Goham; 언론 속에 감춰진 한류의 속살, 한류를 까보다. /
http://goham20.com/983

My Topic:

Korean cultural diplomacy and Korean Wave have problems and they should solve the problems. 

What I hope to learn from this source:

I want to find two conflicting opinions on Korean wave. I want to find some objective information.

Notes:

1. Korean press overvalue Korean wave.
2. People who didn't experience Korean wave in Europe in person can know its influence only from reports of Korean press.
3. Yoon, who lives in France, said reports of Korean press is not true. They are not much interested in Korean wave, as opposed to Korean reports.
4. We have to face up to the reality with critical view. Korean press should keep their objectiveness. 

Final Thoughts:

This article told me what the problem of Korean wave is. Also, I could know that how we should do to solve the problem.

Research 4 for Second and Final Draft (a new thesis)

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Source:

Doopedia; Hallyu (Korean wave) /

http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1221901&cid=40942&categoryId=31614

My Topic:

Korean cultural diplomacy and Korean Wave have problems and they should solve the problems. 

What I hope to learn from this source:

I want to find the definition of Korean wave. I want to know the range that Korean wave involves.

Notes:

1.  1996/ exports of Korean drama to China
    1998/ Korean pop song was widely known. Korean pop culture became popular
    Korean pop culture because popular with Asia as a center, as Korean pop song was widely known.
2. It also involves a phenomenon of preference for Korean products. 
3. a neologism, 哈韓族

Final Thoughts:

After reading this article, I could know it also involves a phenomenon of preference for Korean products. Before, I only thought that Korean wave involves Korean entertainment world.

Next time, I will search for the advantages and disadvantages of Korean wave.

For more information related to Korean wave, I used these sites, too.

 http://blog.naver.com/shkonews/220178293751 (increase in Foreign visitors)

Research 3 for Second and Final Draft (a new thesis)

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Source:

Institute for Cultural Diplomacy 

What is cultural diplomacy? What is soft power? /
http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/index.php?en_culturaldiplomacy

My Topic:

Korean cultural diplomacy and Korean Wave have problems and they should solve the problems. 

What I hope to learn from this source:
I want to learn the roles of cultural diplomacy and its history. Also, I want to find the difference between soft power and hard power.

Notes:

1. "Cultural Diplomacy may best be described as a course of actions, which are based on and utilize the exchange of ideas, values, traditions and other aspects of culture or identity, whether to strengthen relationships, enhance socio-cultural cooperation or promote national interests; Cultural diplomacy can be practiced by either the public sector, private sector or civil society."
2. Whilst the term "cultural diplomacy" has only recently been established, ~.
3. "The ability to persuade through culture, values and ideas, as opposed to 'hard power', which conquers or coerces through military might". 
4. Whilst the 'hard power' approach has historically been a favored policy of governments in conducting international and regional relations, the increasingly interconnected world stage highlights the need for co-operation on a new level. This is where the role of Soft Power as a form of cultural diplomacy becomes significant. On this basis, cultural diplomacy is not secondary to political or economic diplomacy, but rather functions as an intrinsic and necessary component of it.

Final Thoughts:

From this site, I could know the exact concept of cultural diplomacy and the difference between soft power and hard power. However, the information of its history was insufficient.

For more information related to cultural diplomacy, I used these sites, too.

  http://www.mofa.go.kr/trade/cultural/index.jsp?menu=m_30_170
  http://www.publicdiplomacy.go.kr/introduce/public.jsp (history of cultural diplomacy)

+ What is APA Citations?

You need citations when you:

1. use a quotation.
2. paraphrase.
3. use statistics or data.
4. use any information from someone besides you.

Let's look at some examples of acceptable citation. In each example the source is Sam Landfried:

1. Quotation:
   Sam Landfried says, "Don't plagiarize!"
2. Paraphrase:
   Sam Landfried says plagiarism is a serious academic crime. 
3. Statistics:
   According to Sam Landfried, 0% of people who plagiarize their final draft will receive credit.
4. Other times:
   Many popular opinions, including that of Sam Landfried, thinks plagiarism is easy to avoid, so those who plagiarize are just lazy. 

There is an alternative form of citation called "parenthetical" citations. They look like this:

Plagiarism is dishonest, unethical and will earn you a 0 on your final draft (Landfried, 2014). 

Both forms of citation are acceptable. At the end of your article, you need to include your list of references. Every source you cited in your text must be on the list of references. If a source is not cited in your text, do not put it on your references. Here are the detailed instructions for how to write your reference page (It will replace your bibliography). It will go at the end of your essay. List your sources in alphabetical order. It looks like this:

References

Landfried, Samuel. (2014, November 25). Week 15 APA Citations [Blog post]. Retrieved                     from http://samteachersperformancetest.blogspot.com/2014/11/week-15-apa-citations.html

Peer Evaluation for 20505 Kim Yeonji(Week 14)

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Grade

According to the rubric above, what grade would you give this essay? Why?

I think it deserves 4 points. It needs more improved confirmation and refutation.

How does this essay need to improve to get a better grade?

Improve her 'confirmation' and 'refutation and concession' part.

Thesis

What is the thesis?

We should not blame and discriminate against them without knowing their true values.

Is the thesis clear and debatable?

It was clear. Also, it was debatable. I have also seen lots of people who discriminate fat women.

If you (The reviewer) wrote this essay, how would you have written the thesis?

Same. I love this part 'without knowing their true values'.

Any other thoughts?

She reflected feedback that teacher gave her for her 1st draft (except confirmation part).

And she often wrote sentence without 'verb'.

Classical Argument

Can you easily identify the 5 parts of the classical argument? If no, what parts are missing?

I can, but I think there's no confirmation part. Confirmation part that she wrote is still narration, I think.

Does the introduction catch your attention? Does it comfortably lead to the thesis?

Yes, she wrote well. I love her first question 'Do you hate watch beautiful people, animals, flowers and songs?' ('watch songs' is not correct, anyway..) It makes me interested in what she is going to say in this article.

Does the narration give all the necessary background information to understand the topic?

Yes, she wrote this part in objective view. There are both positive opinions and negative opinions about this topic. It is really helpful for readers to understand current situation.

Does the confirmation adequately support the thesis?

I don't think so. There's no supporting reasons that support her thesis. I feel it's still narration. She needs more improved confirmation.

Does the refutation and concession address a realistic counterpoint? Does it adequately dispute the counterpoint, or respond in a reasonable manner?

Yes, I love her 1st argument. However, I can't understand 2nd one. Why can't innate characteristics be the competitiveness of job applicants? Talent can also be innate characteristics. Also, appearance can be changed by our efforts. I think she need more explanation for her 2nd one. Likewise, 3rd one needs more supporting reasons. I think these two arguments are insufficient than 1st one.

Does the conclusion summarize the article and address the larger significance of the thesis?

Yes, but I want to suggest her to add why sticking to appearances are bad in one or two sentences.

What suggestions do you have for improving the classical argument structure?

CONFIRMATION!

Persuasion

When you started reading the essay, did you agree or disagree with the thesis?

I agree.

When you finished the essay, did you agree or disagree with the thesis?

I agree.

If your mind changed, why? What parts of the essay were persuasive?

(I did not change my mind.)

How could the author enhance the persuasive parts of their essay?

Enhance 2nd and 3rd arguments of 'refutation and concession' part. Please, prove why opponents' arguments are wrong.

Research

Is the author using research effectively?

Yes, but 'many professors' that she cited in 'confirmation' part is not appropriate to confirmation. It is rather proper for narration.

Is the research from appropriate sources?

Yes, but 'a scientist' is who? And 'some' Internet communities are what communities? I think specific sources of them are needed.

Are the sources obvious?

Yes.

Are the pieces of evidence relevant to the thesis or essay?

Yes.

Are there any parts of the essay that need evidence to support the claims?

2nd and 3rd arguments of refutation and concession part needs more evidence.

Peer Evaluation for 20504 Kwon Eunjeong (Week 14)

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Grade

According to the rubric above, what grade would you give this essay? Why?

It deserves 4 points. She needs to improve her refutation.

How does this essay need to improve to get a better grade?

Improving the refutation part will help her.

Thesis

What is the thesis?

In the global age, cultural industry is the best way to promote future development of South Korea.

Is the thesis clear and debatable?

It is clear and debatable.

If you (The reviewer) wrote this essay, how would you have written the thesis?

Same.

Any other thoughts?

As a student who is interested in cultural diplomacy, I think it is a good subject (cultural industry) :D

Classical Argument

Can you easily identify the 5 parts of the classical argument? If no, what parts are missing?

Yes. Because of conjunctions she wrote, I could find them easily.

Does the introduction catch your attention? Does it comfortably lead to the thesis?

Yes. 'There are some hints near us.' This catches my attention.

Also, it comfortably leads to the thesis.

Does the narration give all the necessary background information to understand the topic?

Yes. Also, she divided them in three parts; culture, cultural industry and cultural industry in South Korea. It was good.

But, if I have one thing to be desired, I want her to write 'the other ways' to promote South Korea. To persuade people that cultural industry is the best way, she needs to write the other ways to compare with.

Does the confirmation adequately support the thesis?

Not that much. She didn't gave us supporting reason why it is 'the best' way to promote future development of South Korea.

Does the refutation and concession address a realistic counterpoint? Does it adequately dispute the counterpoint, or respond in a reasonable manner?

Well, I don't think so. The opponents argument was "The culture industry not so much adapts to the reactions of its customers as it counterfeits them. In addition all cultural industries are quite authoritarian, standardized, not democratic and diverse." However. she only said, the problem that cultural industries are sometimes used for politics or mass deception is the problem of the government, not the problem of cultural industries.

Also, she didn't refute the argument that there are also some people who argue that Korea needs advance in another part rather than cultural industry.

Does the conclusion summarize the article and address the larger significance of the thesis?

Yes.

What suggestions do you have for improving the classical argument structure?

Well, she wrote well.

Persuasion

When you started reading the essay, did you agree or disagree with the thesis?

I agree but not 'fully' agree.

When you finished the essay, did you agree or disagree with the thesis?

I don't agree that much.

If your mind changed, why? What parts of the essay were persuasive?

(I didn't change my mind because she didn't mention why cultural industry is 'the best' way to promote future development of South Korea.)

How could the author enhance the persuasive parts of their essay?

She has to give supporting reasons why cultural industry is 'the best' way to promote future development of South Korea.

Research

Is the author using research effectively?

Yes.

Is the research from appropriate sources?

Yes. Most of them were professionals or official organization.

Are the sources obvious?

Yes.

Are the pieces of evidence relevant to the thesis or essay?

Yes.

Are there any parts of the essay that need evidence to support the claims?

I think it's enough.

Second Draft (Week 13)

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   When you turn on the TV or search the Internet, what can you see? You can see lots of articles about Korean wave. Even in the Western press, we can see some articles about it. The Korean Wave fired through the world such as China, Japan, France and so on. To introduce our unique culture and improve Korean wave, lots of institutions starts conducting cultural diplomacy. Even, it not only simply makes Korea popular but also vitalizes export of agricultural products. If we only see this circumstance, we can easily delude that Korean wave spreads in desirable way. However, we need more critical view to see through the problem of it. Through this consideration, we can also realize the big problem of cultural diplomacy in a broad perspective. I believe that Korean wave has problem and Korean cultural diplomacy should solve this problem.

   At first, it is important to fully understand what diplomacy is. How much do you know about diplomacy? Maybe most of the people only recall something abstract or stuffy to their mind. For example, when someone asks them "Do you know what diplomats do?", they will answer "Well, it only has to do with government and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. I don't know well but maybe diplomats have diplomatic conferences with other nations' diplomats, right?" How abstract and stuffy. Like this, for the general public, diplomacy seems quite distant and they never think it lightly. That's because they usually bring 'traditional diplomacy' to their mind. However, their viewpoint is an old one. As time goes by, diplomacy also have changed. In the past, there was only traditional diplomacy. But, now, there is a new type of diplomacy, which uses soft power, which is power that makes opponents be attracted spontaneously by appeal not compulsion. We need to distinguish these two types of diplomacy. First, traditional diplomacy is diplomacy which uses hard power. It has government as the subject of diplomacy. We can define its format of communication as Closed Negotiation. Compared to traditional diplomacy, cultural diplomacy has Open Communication. It is interactive and uses various digital media like Internet, SNS and so on. For reference, we have to distinguish cultural diplomacy from public diplomacy. Understanding public diplomacy is important to know what cultural diplomacy is. It is still controversial to exactly define them until now, but typically it is considered that public diplomacy includes cultural diplomacy. Public diplomacy refers diplomacy which strengthen leverage of Korea by improving the image and brand power of Korea, and improve diplomatic relations by developing a bond of sympathy on our history, traditions, culture, policy. The key point of public diplomacy is to win the hearts and minds of people. There are three big contributors that made public diplomacy appear; after 911 terror, limitation of hard power was revealed; general public appeared as main agents of diplomacy and people power was on the rise; new media such as social media and social network services made rapid progress. In this essay, I especially focused on cultural diplomacy, not public diplomacy.

   After understanding these two types of diplomacy, we need to analyze the diffusion aspect of Korean wave. Korean wave is also a kind of cultural diplomacy that Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs conducts.

   When it comes to diffusion trend of Korean wave, it is easy to confuse that we, Korean conduct cultural diplomacy in a desirable way. Then does cultural diplomacy in Korea is really well conducted? No. I'd like to point out main problems of Korean cultural diplomacy with the example of Korean wave.

   First, we excessively compel foreigners to experience Korean culture. Thanks to widespread Korean culture, more and more foreigners visits Korea. According to Shanghai Korean News, 2014 recorded 38% increase in the number of Chinese visitors, compared to 2013. Also, Hongkong visitors recorded 43% increase, Russian recorded 26% increase, and Taiwanese recorded 24% increase. In addition, many foreign stars visits Korea, but everytime we excessively ask them to eat Kimchi or dance PSY's Horse-riding dance and they showed their displeasure with it. This can rather give them bad image of Korean culture. We have to give them opportunity to naturally experience our culture. When it comes to this problem, we have one more thing that we should consider. Do we have enough programs to satisfy foreigners? We only forces them to experience our culture and we don't have enough programs that foreigners want. As many people know, Korean drama '대장금' became internationally famous, especially in China and it was even diffused through Africa. After watching this drama and the drama named ‘허준’, an Iraqi became interested in Korean medicine and decided to visit Korea. The problem was that he wanted to stay in Gyeongbokgung Palace. Like him, many foreigners want to feel Korean culture. However, there's no enough facilities to let them stay in Korean traditional building. Of course, there are guest houses like Jeonju Han-ok Village, but the problem is that there's no such facilities in capital area and its service can't surpass services of Hotel. Thus, we need to focus on Korean culture that foreigners are interested in and to provide them with decent program that can maintain their interest.

   Second, Korean cultural diplomacy tend to depend on Korean wave, and it rely entirely on the entertainment world, especially on K-Pop. However, it makes big problem. As we can see from the news, nowadays many TV stars are on the news because of their corruption. It is a deathblow to the image of Korea. If we continuously only rely on the entertainment world, we can't overcome the destructive results and it becomes hard to maintain foreigners interest on Korea. Therefore, it is very important to develop various field of Korean culture such as traditional food, cultural assets, fashion and so on.

In addition, a big problem of Korean wave is that it only focuses on 'visual fun'. Of course, it is important to consider fun or interest. However, Korean wave exceed the bounds. 'Study on sexuality depicted in music programs for adolescents on three network television channels' points out this problem. According to this study, actually people does not tries to solve the problem. This is the serious problem in Korea. Then, why isn't it problem in other countries? Excessively suggestive and seductive performance can make them frown. To make desirable Korean culture, we have to think about whether it is right or not and try to solve the problem.

   

   Of course, it is true that Korean cultural diplomacy has big positive effects on brand power of Korea. Some people can say that Korean wave is already successive and is already famous all over the world. However, that's because all PRESS reports only its high stature. If he or she read a news article titled "Super Junior is topping the charts of Taiwan for 60 weeks", they may argue that popularity of Super Junior is great. However, it is not true. In fact, it was charts 'for k-pop and j-pop' that Super Junior topped.

                                           

                       

   These are the title of news articles and they all involve exaggerated reports. Like the example that I mentioned, exaggerated reports confuse us to think that every foreigners love Korean culture. I acknowledge that it is natural that people can be confused because they can get information about Korean wave only through Korean press. However, I think that people themselves should try to read them critically and not to be deceived by an exaggeration.

   Any developed countries in the world regard their culture as a massive wave. However, Korean think that Korean culture is the center of the world. According to press in Korea, Korean wave is really famous all over the world, but it is not true. We have to correctly analyze the materials related to Korean wave and critically think about how to improve Korean cultural diplomacy and how to use it to lead Korean wave to right way. Also, furthermore, I hope we can make this exaggeration real.

   

   As cultural diplomacy, a new type of diplomacy comes into the spotlight, it is important to gravely consider how should we conduct it. If we only focused on the good point of cultural diplomacy in Korea, it can't develop. It is important to acknowledge the problem of it and to improve it. One suggestion that I want to recommend is making alternative culture that foreigners can enjoy. I don't think we can get benefit from Korean wave forever. Utilizing various assets and inventing more interesting cultural program for foreigners is important. Also, simply relying on Korean wave is not enough. We need to improve some diplomatic technology to satisfy foreigners interest toward it. That's the key point for desirable cultural diplomacy.

Bibliography

http://www.mofa.go.kr/main/index.jsp

http://www.publicdiplomacy.go.kr/introduce/public.jsp

http://blog.naver.com/yoongbi/164498530

http://blog.naver.com/hgb925/110181748778

http://blog.naver.com/kois913/10130259878

http://blog.naver.com/mentshin/50161123296

http://www.kf.or.kr/?menuno=134

http://blog.naver.com/golden_lee/40190671807

http://blog.naver.com/battlcar/220151455810

http://blog.naver.com/ingsksm/20207422421

http://blog.naver.com/shkonews/220178293751

Study on sexuality depicted in music programs for adolescents on three network television channels'

http://goham20.com/983

http://ent.hankyung.com/news/app/newsview.php?aid=2014091610374